@article {241, title = {Invasive and Non-Invasive Remote Patient Monitoring Devices for Heart Failure: A Comparative Review of Technical Maturity and Clinical Readiness}, journal = {Sensors}, volume = {25}, year = {2025}, chapter = {6453}, doi = {10.3390/s25206453}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/20/6453}, author = {Ivan Luque and Mar Gadea and Anna Comas and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Javier Col{\'a}s and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {223, title = {Implantable Sensor for Measuring and Monitoring Intravascular Pressure, System Comprising Said Sensor and Method for Operating Thereof}, year = {2022}, edition = {A61B5/0215; A61B5/07; A61F2/90}, chapter = {WO 2022/184801 A1}, author = {Antoni Ivorra and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Albert Comerma and Jesus Minguillon} } @article {221, title = {Implantable Electronic Sensing System for Measuring and Monitoring Medical Parameters}, year = {2021}, edition = {A61B5/00; A61B5/145; A61B5/1455; A61B5/1486}, chapter = {WO 2021/043481 A1}, author = {Antoni Ivorra and Q. Castellv{\'\i} and Laura Becerra-Fajardo} } @conference {211, title = {Injectable Temperature Sensors Based on Passive Rectification of Volume-Conducted Currents}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS)}, year = {2021}, publisher = {IEEE}, organization = {IEEE}, address = {Berlin, Germany}, doi = {10.1109/BioCAS49922.2021.9645006}, author = {Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Aracelys Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno and Alvarez-De-Eulate, Nerea and Antoni Ivorra} } @conference {210, title = {In Vitro Evaluation of a Protocol and an Architecture for Bidirectional Communications in Networks of Wireless Implants Powered by Volume Conduction}, booktitle = {5th International Conference on Neurorehabilitation (ICNR2020)}, volume = {28}, year = {2020}, pages = {103-108}, publisher = {Springer Nature}, organization = {Springer Nature}, edition = {Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation IV, Biosystems \& Biorobotics}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-70316-5_17}, author = {Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Jesus Minguillon and Camila Rogrigues and Filipe O. Barroso and Pons, Jos{\'e} Luis and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {188, title = {In vitro study on the mechanisms of action of electrolytic electroporation (E2)}, journal = {Bioelectrochemistry}, volume = {133}, year = {2020}, pages = {107482}, chapter = {107482}, doi = {10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107482}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107482}, author = {Nina Klein and Borja Mercadal and Michael Stehling and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {193, title = {Injectable Sensors Based on Passive Rectification of Volume-Conducted Currents}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems}, volume = {14}, year = {2020}, pages = {867-878}, chapter = {867}, doi = {10.1109/TBCAS.2020.3002326}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9117042}, author = {Shahid Malik and Q. Castellv{\'\i} and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Marc Tudela-Pi and Aracelys Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno and Maryam Shojaei Baghini and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {196, title = {Interleaved intramuscular stimulation with minimally overlapping electrodes evokes smooth and fatigue resistant forces}, journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering}, volume = {17}, year = {2020}, pages = {046037}, chapter = {046037}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2552/aba99e}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-2552/aba99e}, author = {Ahmed Eladly and Jaume Del Valle and Jesus Minguillon and Borja Mercadal and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Xavier Navarro and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {186, title = {Industrial Electronics for Biomedicine: A New Cancer Treatment Using Electroporation}, journal = {IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine}, volume = {13}, year = {2019}, pages = {6-18}, chapter = {6}, doi = {10.1109/MIE.2019.2942377}, author = {{\'O}scar Luc{\'\i}a and H{\'e}ctor Sarnago and Tomas Garcia-Sanchez and Lluis M. Mir and Jos{\'e} M. Burd{\'\i}o} } @article {168, title = {Impedance spectroscopy measurements as a tool for distinguishing different luminal content during bolus transit studies}, journal = {Neurogastroenterology and Motility}, volume = {30}, year = {2018}, pages = {e13274}, chapter = {e13274}, doi = {10.1111/nmo.13274}, author = {A. Ruiz-Vargas and R. Mohd Rosli and Antoni Ivorra and J. W. Arkwright} } @article {171, title = {Irreversible electroporation for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias}, journal = {Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy}, volume = {16}, year = {2018}, pages = {349-360 }, chapter = {349}, doi = {10.1080/14779072.2018.1459185}, url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14779072.2018.1459185}, author = {Alan Sugrue and Elad Maor and Antoni Ivorra and Vaibhav Vaidya and Chance Witt and Suraj Kapa and Samuel Asirvatham} } @conference {156, title = {Injectable Stimulators Based on Rectification of High Frequency Current Bursts: Power Efficiency of 2~mm Thick Prototypes}, booktitle = {Converging Clinical and Engineering Research on Neurorehabilitation II: Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on NeuroRehabilitation (ICNR2016), October 18-21, 2016, Segovia, Spain}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {

To overcome the miniaturization bottleneck imposed by existing power generation/transfer technologies for implantable stimulators, we have proposed a heterodox electrical stimulation method based on local rectification of high frequency (>=1\ MHz) current bursts delivered through superficial electrodes. We have reported 2\ mm thick addressable injectable stimulators, made of off-the-shelf components, that operate according to this principle. Since a significant amount of high frequency power is wasted by Joule heating, the method exhibits poor energy efficiency. In here we have performed a numerical case study in which the presence of the above implant prototypes is simulated in an anatomically realistic leg model. The results from this study indicate that, despite low power transfer efficiency (~0.05\ \%), the power consumed by the external high frequency current generator is low enough (\<4\ W) to grant the use of small portable batteries.

}, isbn = {978-3-319-46669-9}, doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_110}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46669-9_110}, author = {Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Garcia-Arnau, Roser and Antoni Ivorra}, editor = {Ib{\'a}{\~n}ez, Jaime and Gonz{\'a}lez-Vargas, Jos{\'e} and Azor{\'\i}n, Jos{\'e} Mar{\'\i}a and Akay, Metin and Pons, Jos{\'e} Luis} } @conference {146, title = {Incorporation of the Blood Vessel Wall into Electroporation Simulations}, booktitle = {1st World Congress on Electroporation and Pulsed Electric Fields in Biology, Medicine and Food \& Environmental Technologies}, series = {IFMBE Proceedings}, volume = {53}, year = {2016}, pages = {223-227}, publisher = {Springer Singapore}, organization = {Springer Singapore}, keywords = {Blood vessel, Blood vessel wall, Electric field, Electroporation, Simulation}, isbn = {978-981-287-816-8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-817-5_50}, author = {Louis Silve and Radwan Qasrawi and Antoni Ivorra}, editor = {Jarm, Tomaz and Kramar, Peter} } @article {150, title = {Irreversible electroporation of the liver: is there a safe limit to the ablation volume?}, journal = {Scientific Reports}, volume = {6}, year = {2016}, pages = {23781}, doi = {10.1038/srep23781}, author = {Patricia S{\'a}nchez-Vel{\'a}zquez and Q. Castellv{\'\i} and Alberto Villanueva and Rita Quesada and Clara Pa{\~n}ella and Marta C{\'a}ceres and Dimitri Dorcaratto and Andaluz, Anna and Xavier Moll and Trujillo, Macarena and Jos{\'e} M. Burd{\'\i}o and Berjano, Enrique and Luis Grande and Antoni Ivorra and Burd{\'\i}o, Fernando} } @conference {139, title = {Impact of Liver Vasculature on Electric Field Distribution during Electroporation Treatments: An Anatomically Realistic Numerical Study}, booktitle = {6th European Conference of the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering}, series = {IFMBE Proceedings}, volume = {45}, year = {2015}, pages = {573-576}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, keywords = {blood vessels, conductivity, Electroporation, numerical modeling}, isbn = {978-3-319-11127-8}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11128-5_143}, author = {Radwan Qasrawi and Antoni Ivorra}, editor = {Lackovi{\'c}, Igor and Vasic, Darko} } @article {138, title = {In Vivo Demonstration of Addressable Microstimulators Powered by Rectification of Epidermically Applied Currents for Miniaturized Neuroprostheses}, journal = {Plos One}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, month = {07/2015}, chapter = {e0131666}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0131666}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1371\%2Fjournal.pone.0131666}, author = {Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Antoni Ivorra} } @article {144, title = {In vivo demonstration of injectable microstimulators based on charge-balanced rectification of epidermically applied currents}, journal = {Journal of Neural Engineering}, volume = {12}, year = {2015}, chapter = {066010}, doi = {10.1088/1741-2560/12/6/066010}, author = {Antoni Ivorra and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Q. Castellv{\'\i}} } @article {142, title = {In vivo assessment of corneal barrier function through non-invasive impedance measurements using a flexible probe}, journal = {Journal of Physics: Conference Series}, volume = {434}, year = {2013}, pages = {012072}, abstract = {

The cornea is a transparent structure composed of three layers: the epithelium, the stroma and the endothelium. To maintain its ransparency the stroma remains in a constant state of dehydration. Consequently, any ion flow disorder through the covering layers can compromise the barrier function and, therefore the corneal homeostasis. Since ionic permeability has a fundamental impact on the passive electrical properties of living tissues, in this work it is proposed and demonstrated a diagnosis method based on tetrapolar impedance measurements performed by electrodes placed on the corneal surface. The contribution of each cornea layer to the total measured impedance has been analysed over a frequency range. Following the obtained guidelines, a flexible probe with integrated electrodes has been developed and manufactured using SU-8 photoresin. The feasibility of the proposed method has been evaluated in vivo by monitoring corneal epithelium wound healing. Obtained impedance measurements have been compared with measurements of permeability to sodium fluorescein from different excised corneas. Successful results demonstrate the feasibility of this novel flexible sensor and its capability to quantify corneal permeability in vivo in a noninvasive way.

}, url = {http://stacks.iop.org/1742-6596/434/i=1/a=012072}, author = {A Guimera and X Illa and E Traver and S Marchan and C Herrero and C Lagunas and M J Maldonado and Antoni Ivorra and R Villa} } @conference {Castellvi2013, title = {{In vivo study using Tumor Treatment Fields (TTFs) and prolonged mild hyperthermia as adjuvant methods for cancer treatment}}, booktitle = {Tenth International Bioelectrics Symposium (BIOELECTRICS 2013)}, year = {2013}, address = {Karlsruhe, Germany}, abstract = {

Delivery of the so called Tumor Treatment Fields (TTFs) was proposed a few years ago as a cancer therapy and has been object of study in a recent phase III trial in which their efficacy against glioblastomas was assessed with modest results [1]. TTFs are alternating electric fields at a frequency in the order of 100 kHz and a magnitude below 300 V/m which are applied continuously for weeks. According to their proposers, TTFs inhibit tumor growth by interfering with the cell division process through electrical forces without causing significant heating in tissues. However, we estimate that TTFs are capable of producing temperature increases of about some tens of kelvin which cannot be neglected, particularly because TTFs are applied for long periods of time. Therefore, we hypothesized that the promising results reported in initial in vitro and in vivo studies on the use of TTFs could be mediated by heat rather than by electrical forces. Heat induction (i.e. hyperthermia) has been extensively used as an adjuvant in cancer treatment. Typically, cancer hyperthermia involves generating moderate temperature increases during about one hour after radiotherapy or chemotherapy sessions. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, there are no in vivo studies on the use of mild hyperthermia for long periods of time, despite there are in vitro studies showing that cell survival to hyperthermia depends both on the temperature and the exposition time. In order to test our hypothesis and also to independently validate the efficacy of TTFs, we have carried out a study in which nude mice subcutaneously implanted with human exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas were physically treated for 7 days; either with heat from a resistor or with TTFs delivered by electrodes. The animals were paired: one was treated and the other was sham treated. Four treatment groups were created: hyperthermia (H) (n=5+5), hyperthermia + gemcitabine chemotherapy (H\&Ch) (n=6+6), TTFs (TTF) (n=5+5) and TTFs + gemcitabine therapy (TTF\&Ch) (n=7+7). Our hypothesis has not been validated: no statistically significant effects were observed in the H and H\&Ch groups. On the other hand, although the TTF group did also not produce any significant effect, the animals treated with the TTFs + chemotherapy combination show a tumor growth rate about 200\% smaller (p=0.018) than the animals treated only with chemotherapy.

}, author = {Q. Castellv{\'\i} and Mireia M. Ginest{\`a} and G. Capella and Antoni Ivorra} } @conference {Ivorra2012, title = {{Injectable Rectifiers as Microdevices for Remote Electrical Stimulation: an Alternative to Inductive Coupling}}, booktitle = {World Congress 2012 on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering}, year = {2012}, pages = {1581{\textendash}1584}, address = {Beijing, China}, abstract = {

Miniaturization of implantable medical electronic devices is currently compromised by the available means for electrically powering them. Most common energy supply techniques for implants {\textendash} batteries and inductive couplers {\textendash} comprise bulky parts which, in most cases, are significantly larger than the circuitry they feed. For overcoming such miniaturization bottleneck in the case of implants for electrical stimulation, we recently proposed and demonstrated a method based on making the implants operate as rectifiers of bursts of high frequency current supplied by remote electrodes. In this way, low frequency current is generated locally around the implant and this low frequency current performs stimulation of excitable tissues whereas the high frequency current only causes innocuous heating. The present paper reports further progress in this technology. We first describe construction and functional test of an injectable stimulator consisting of a single miniature diode (300 m {\texttimes} 300 m {\texttimes} 600 m) and two thin electrodes which is implanted trough a 19G needle into an anesthetized earthworm. We then propose a circuit architecture for implementing smart implants based on this technology. Both accomplishments are steps towards the implementation of injectable addressable microsystems for neuroprosthetics. These systems based on the proposed technology will look like short pieces of flexible thread rather than rigid capsules, as it was the case of previous miniature electrical stimulation implants. With currently available microelectronic techniques, very thin stimulation implants (diameter \< 200 m) are easily conceivable. This technology may be foundational to a broad range of new developments in the field of implantable medical devices with applications ranging from wound healing to nerve stimulation for pain relief. In addition, other non-medical devices could also emerge such as implantable identification devices.

}, keywords = {Electrical Stimulation, Implantable Devices, Microsystems, Neuroprosthetics, Rectifiers}, author = {Antoni Ivorra and Sacrist{\'a}n, J. and Baldi, A.} } @article {Jose2012, title = {{Irreversible electroporation shows efficacy against pancreatic carcinoma without systemic toxicity in mouse models.}}, journal = {Cancer letters}, volume = {317}, number = {1}, year = {2012}, pages = {16{\textendash}23}, abstract = {

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) therapies show limited success. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is an innovative loco-regional therapy in which high-voltage pulses are applied to induce plasma membrane defects leading to cellular death. In the present study we evaluated the feasibility of IRE against PDAC. IRE treatment exhibited significant antitumor effects and prolonged survival in mice with orthotopic xenografts. Extensive tumor necrosis, reduced tumor cell proliferation and disruption of microvessels were observed at different days post-IRE. Animals had transient increases in transaminases, amylase and lipase enzymes that normalized at 24h post-IRE. These results suggest that IRE could be an effective treatment for locally advanced pancreatic tumors.

}, keywords = {Alanine Transaminase, Alanine Transaminase: blood, Amylases, Amylases: blood, Animals, Aspartate Aminotransferases, Aspartate Aminotransferases: blood, Biological Markers, Biological Markers: blood, Blood Glucose, Blood Glucose: metabolism, Carcinoma, Cell Line, Cell Proliferation, Electrochemotherapy, Electrochemotherapy: adverse effects, Feasibility Studies, Genes, Humans, Lipase, Lipase: blood, Luminescent Measurements, Male, Mice, Microvessels, Microvessels: pathology, Necrosis, Nude, Pancreatic Ductal, Pancreatic Ductal: blood, Pancreatic Ductal: blood supply, Pancreatic Ductal: genetics, Pancreatic Ductal: pathology, Pancreatic Ductal: therapy, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Pancreatic Neoplasms: blood, Pancreatic Neoplasms: blood supply, Pancreatic Neoplasms: genetics, Pancreatic Neoplasms: pathology, Pancreatic Neoplasms: therapy, Reporter, Time Factors, Transfection, Tumor, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays}, issn = {1872-7980}, doi = {10.1016/j.canlet.2011.11.004}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22079741}, author = {Jos{\'e}, Anabel and Sobrevals, Luciano and Antoni Ivorra and Fillat, Cristina} } @conference {Ivorra2010c, title = {{Introduction to tissue Irreversible Electroporation and effects of electroporation on tissue passive electrical properties}}, booktitle = {Bioelectrochemistry Gordon Research Conference}, year = {2010}, address = {Biddeford, Maine, USA}, author = {Antoni Ivorra} } @conference {Ivorra2010b, title = {{Irreversible Electroporation for Tissue Ablation}}, booktitle = {5th Course ("Medical Applications of Electromagnetic Fields: Research and Therapy") of the School of Bioelectromagnetism Alessadro Chiabreara}, year = {2010}, author = {Antoni Ivorra} }