@article {Ivorra2010,
	title = {{Electrical modeling of the influence of medium conductivity on electroporation.}},
	journal = {Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP},
	volume = {12},
	number = {34},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {10055{\textendash}64},
	abstract = {<p>Electroporation is the phenomenon in which cell membrane permeability is increased by exposing the cell to short high electric field pulses. Experimental data show that the amount of permeabilization depends on the conductivity of the extracellular medium. If medium conductivity decreases then it is necessary to deliver a pulse of larger field amplitude in order to achieve the same effect. Models that do not take into account the permeabilization effect on the membrane conductivity cannot reproduce qualitatively the experimental observations. Here we employ an exponential function for describing the strong dependence of membrane conductivity on transmembrane potential. Combining that model with numerical methods we demonstrate that the dependence on medium conductivity can be explained as being the result of increased membrane conductance due to electroporation. As experimentally observed, extracellular conductivities of about 1 and 0.1 S m(-1) yield very similar results, however, for lower conductivities (\&lt;0.01 S m(-1)) the model predicts that significantly higher field magnitudes will be required to achieve the same amount of permeabilization.</p>
},
	keywords = {Biological, Cell Membrane, Cell Membrane Permeability, Cell Membrane: metabolism, Diffusion, Electric Conductivity, Electroporation, Membrane Potentials, Models, Reproducibility of Results},
	issn = {1463-9084},
	doi = {10.1039/c004419a},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20585676},
	author = {Antoni Ivorra and J. Villemejane and L.M. Mir}
}
@article {Guimera2010,
	title = {{Non-invasive assessment of corneal endothelial permeability by means of electrical impedance measurements.}},
	journal = {Medical engineering \& physics},
	volume = {32},
	number = {10},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1107{\textendash}15. {\textcopyright} 2010 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd.},
	abstract = {<p>The permeability of the corneal endothelial layer has an important role in the correct function of the cornea. Since ionic permeability has a fundamental impact on the passive electrical properties of living tissues, here it is hypothesized that impedance methods can be employed for assessing the permeability of the endothelial layer in a minimally invasive fashion. Precisely, the main objective of the present study is to develop and to analyze a minimally invasive method for assessing the electrical properties of the corneal endothelium, as a possible diagnostic tool for the evaluation of patients with endothelial dysfunction. A bidimensional model consisting of the main corneal layers and a four-electrode impedance measurement setup placed on the epithelium has been implemented and analyzed by means of the finite elements method (FEM). In order to obtain a robust indicator of the permeability of the endothelium layer, the effect of the endothelium electrical properties on the measured impedance has been studied together with reasonable variations of the other model layers. Simulation results show that the impedance measurements by means of external electrodes are indeed sufficiently sensitive to the changes in the electrical properties of the endothelial layer. It is concluded that the method presented here can be employed as non-invasive method for assessing endothelial layer function.</p>
},
	keywords = {Biomedical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering: methods, Corneal, Corneal: abnormalities, Corneal: metabolism, Corneal: pathology, Electric Impedance, Electric Impedance: diagnostic use, Endothelium, Finite Element Analysis, Humans, Permeability, Reproducibility of Results, Sensitivity and Specificity},
	issn = {1873-4030},
	doi = {10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.07.016},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20832346},
	author = {A Guimera and Antoni Ivorra and Gabriel, G and R Villa}
}
