@article {215,
	title = {Powering Electronic Implants by High Frequency Volume Conduction: In Human Validation},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2023},
	month = {08/2022},
	pages = {659-670},
	chapter = {659},
	doi = {10.1109/TBME.2022.3200409},
	url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9864046},
	author = {Jesus Minguillon and Marc Tudela-Pi and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Enric Perera-Bel and del Ama, Antonio J. and {\'A}ngel Gil-Agudo and {\'A}lvaro Meg{\'\i}a-Garc{\'\i}a and Aracelys Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno and Antoni Ivorra}
}
@article {189,
	title = {Power Transfer by Volume Conduction: In Vitro Validated Analytical Models Predict DC Powers above 1 mW in Injectable Implants},
	journal = {IEEE Access},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2020},
	pages = {37808-37820},
	chapter = {37808},
	doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2975597},
	author = {Marc Tudela-Pi and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Aracelys Garc{\'\i}a-Moreno and Jesus Minguillon and Antoni Ivorra}
}
@conference {172,
	title = {Powering Implants by Galvanic Coupling: A Validated Analytical Model Predicts Powers Above 1 mW in Injectable Implants},
	booktitle = {World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2018. IFMBE Proceedings},
	volume = {68/3},
	year = {2018},
	month = {2019},
	pages = {23-26},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Prague, Czech Republic},
	abstract = {<p>While galvanic coupling for intrabody communications has been proposed lately by different research groups, its use for powering active implantable medical devices remains almost non-existent. Here it is presented a simple analytical model able to estimate the attainable power by galvanic coupling based on the delivery of high frequency (\&gt;1 MHz) electric fields applied as short bursts. The results obtained with the analytical model, which is in vitro validated in the present study, indicate that time-averaged powers above 1 mW can be readily obtained in very thin (diameter \&lt; 1 mm) and short (length \&lt; 20 mm) elongated implants when fields which comply with safety standards (SAR \&lt; 10 W/kg) are present in the tissues where the implants are located. Remarkably, the model indicates that, for a given SAR, the attainable power is independent of the tissue conductivity and of the duration and repetition frequency of the bursts. This study reveals that galvanic coupling is a safe option to power very thin active implants, avoiding bulky components such as coils and batteries.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_5},
	author = {Marc Tudela-Pi and Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Antoni Ivorra}
}
@conference {Becerra-Fajardo2012,
	title = {{Proof of Concept of a Stimulator Based on AC Current Rectification for Neuroprosthetics}},
	booktitle = {XXX Congreso Anual de la Sociedad Espa{\~n}ola de Ingenir{\'\i}a Biom{\'e}dica},
	year = {2012},
	address = {San Sebasti{\'a}n, Spain},
	abstract = {<p>For several years, researchers have developed techniques to replace and enhance the capabilities of our neural system by means of implantable electrical stimulation technologies. Even though important work has been done in this field, further progress must be accomplished in terms of miniaturization in order to ensure comfort, simpler surgical implantation procedures, and the capability of using multiple wireless smart stimulators for achieving more muscle recruitment. In the past, with the objective of accomplishing an unprecedented level of miniaturization, we have proposed the development of implantable stimulators that would act as rectifiers of AC current supplied by external electrodes. Here it is described the development and evaluation of an addressable stimulator based on discrete component technology as a proof-of-concept of the proposed method. This macroscopic version of the stimulator is capable of generating magnitude controlled bipolar pulses according to commands modulated in the AC current. Multiple evaluations were done to test the device, including DC current testing, in-vitro and in-vivo testing, concluding that the developed system is an effective proof-of-concept of the method proposed, being able to perform controlled electrical stimulation. Electrical current testing showed that anodal and cathodal currents were generated, and in-vivo testing showed the effective electrical stimulation of an anesthetized earthworm. It is concluded that the idea of developing smart rectifiers as implantable stimulators is feasible. This represents a first step towards the design of an implantable device with a miniaturization level without precedents.</p>
},
	author = {Laura Becerra-Fajardo and Antoni Ivorra}
}
